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Debt Avalanche Method

The debt avalanche method is a debt payoff strategy where you attack the highest-APR debt first while paying minimums on others. Mathematically optimal for minimizing total interest.

Definition: A debt payoff strategy where the borrower pays the minimum payment on all debts, then puts every extra dollar toward the debt with the highest annual percentage rate (APR). When the highest-APR debt is paid off, the borrower moves to the next-highest APR, and so on.

How it works

The avalanche method is mathematically optimal for minimizing total interest paid. By eliminating the highest-cost debt first, the borrower stops the largest source of new interest accrual, accelerating overall payoff.

Example

A borrower has three debts: $5,000 credit card at 24% APR, $3,000 personal loan at 12% APR, and $8,000 student loan at 6% APR. Using the avalanche method, they pay minimums on all three plus all extra cash toward the 24% APR credit card until it's paid off. Then they move to the 12% personal loan. Then the 6% student loan.

Comparison + context

Compared to the snowball method: The snowball method targets the smallest balance first regardless of APR, prioritizing psychological momentum over math optimality. Both methods work; avalanche saves more interest, snowball provides more emotional reinforcement.

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